Delve into the reimbursement mechanisms (Medicare, Medicaid, private insurers, and HMOs) applicable to APRNs, discerning any discrepancies in fee schedules between Physicians and non-physician providers (NPP) such as APRNs.

Provide a comprehensive overview of how these payment structures influence APRN practice dynamics. Investigate the regulatory landscape concerning APRN practice ownership in your state. Examine the factors determining whether APRNs can establish independent practices, offering insights into the regulatory framework and its implications, supported by pertinent scholarly sources and state-specific statutes.

Ensure that all responses are underpinned by at least one scholarly source, exclusive of your textbook. Utilize national guidelines and evidence-based research wherever relevant. Strengthen your arguments with illustrative examples, drawn from personal encounters or media portrayals, to reinforce and elucidate your arguments.

Remember to adhere to APA format for all source citations, including appropriate referencing and linking where applicable.