Introduction

Healthcare system is considered one of the busiest fields which require continuous upgradation in order to ensure optimum health benefits to the consumers (Kadhim et al., 2020). In this context, implication of new technology specifically the Electronic Health Record (EHR) has become highly essential. Clinical system strategies are usually developed by either by the nurse informaticists or the healthcare leaders (Strudwick et al., 2019). Since these methods are frequently dependent on technological developments, informaticists and others have profited from reading current studies to help them think through their options.  Healthcare professionals especially, the nurses, who are relied for keeping the clinical records of their patients require in- depth knowledge and understanding on the processes so that they can use these technologies during their clinical practice in an efficient manner (Mutshatshi et al., 2018). The purpose of this paper is to review four existing and peer reviewed articles in order to understand the application of clinical systems in the field of nursing.

Discussion

Islam, M. M., Poly, T. N., & Li, Y. C. J. (2018). Recent advancement of clinical information systems: Opportunities and challenges. Yearbook of medical informatics, 27(01), 083-090. https://dx.doi.org/10.1055%2Fs-0038-1667075

In this research article, the researchers systematically reviewed, synthesized as well as summarized available research articles which described the then stages of clinical information systems in order to assess identify potential challenges, benefits of the system and to understand the state of knowledge of the same.  The researchers selected almost 23 papers from a collection of 1026 relevant abstracts for the review from reliable databases such as EMBASE and PubMed. However, only 20 articles could match all the criteria for the research.  Three major aspects have been heighted by the researchers in this article and those included “Ambulatory and inpatients clinical information systems”, “Ancillary information systems” and “Specialty information systems”. It has been emphasized by the researchers that CIS might promote practices those are evidence-based and might improve the safety, efficacy and most importantly the quality of treatment for patients, its acceptance, acceptability, and adaptability have grown across the world. The researchers have also indicated that despite the fact that the need for CIS capability is growing exponentially, present CISs still face data integration issues and lack the ability to share patient data across all or portions of the healthcare system. Technical, human, and organizational constraints are to blame for these limits. The researchers spent significant amount to time to derive in their research and have concluded with the findings that clinical information system has a lot of potential for minimizing clinical mistakes including medical error and diagnostic mistakes, as well as promoting healthcare professionals by providing updated patient information. They claim to raise overall healthcare quality by improving workflow and care efficiency. For example, it has also been supported by Vaidotas et al. (2019) that medication errors have been reduced in emergency departments which have incorporated electronic medical records and thus have continued contributing to optimum patient safety.

Dykes, P. C., Rozenblum, R., Dalal, A., Massaro, A., Chang, F., Clements, M., ... & Bates, D. W. (2017). Prospective evaluation of a multifaceted intervention to improve outcomes in intensive care: the promoting respect and ongoing safety through patient engagement communication and technology study. Critical care medicine, 45(8), e806-e813. https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000002449

There are few studies that evaluate treatments in ICUs to increase team communication and involve patients as well as the caregivers. The efficacy of a patient-centered care along with that engagement program that has been conducted in the medical ICU is investigated in this study. The researchers have included a prospective intervention study approach while conducting the research. In the ICU at a large tertiary care center the study set up had been established. Two thousand one hundred five patients undergoing admissions (1,030 patients before the intervention and 1,075 patients during application of the intervention) from the period of July 2013 up to the month May in 2014 and from July 2014 to up to May 2015 have been considered as the participants for this research. Web-based technology which included an ICU safety checklist, tools for developing shared care plans, as well as a messaging platform, enabling systematic patient-centered care and engagement training were taken as intervention for this study. Access to an online portal was given to the participants enabling patients and care partners to examine health information, engage in care plans, and interact with clinicians. The overall adverse event rate was the primary outcome. Patient and caregiver experience, care plan consistency, and resource use were included as the secondary outcomes. The researchers have concluded with the findings in the ICU, implementing a systematic communication and teamwork and patient engagement program was linked to fewer adverse events and higher treatment and healthcare partner satisfaction. It has been agreed by Prater et al. (2019) that patients with advanced cancer who were referred to hospice had fewer hospitalizations in the last 30 days of their lives when they had dedicated advanced care planning (ACP) documentation.