Conflict theory is a fundamental sociological perspective that has been widely discussed and debated by scholars, researchers, and thinkers for many decades. It offers a critical lens through which to analyze and understand the dynamics of society, focusing on the role of conflict, power imbalances, and inequality. This essay aims to explore the concept of conflict theory, its historical development, key proponents, and its relevance in contemporary society. Drawing upon recent research within the last five years, we will delve into various aspects of conflict theory and its application in understanding social issues such as class struggles, racial disparities, and the dynamics of power.