description of background relating to a particular research problem (or need). An actual problem
should be indicated with accompanying evidence.

The paper should be organized based on the headings below. To develop the Statement of the
The problem (as illustrated in Creswell, p. 58) should include the following APA headings (Level 2):
Introduction
This is a brief description of the proposed area of study. Include at least three sentences.
The Research Problem
This is an area of conflict, concern, or controversy (a gap between what is wanted and what is
observed). Include the most relevant reference that supports the claim.
Background and Justification
The evidence from the literature and experience shows the problem exists and its relevance.
Include at least two references.
Deficiencies in the Evidence
Include a brief discussion that details the area of need in relation to the problem and the
deficiency or lack of evidence in the literature.
Audience
Discuss who is affected and who benefits