Question 1

Climate change refers to long-term changes in temperature and weather patterns. It is indeed possible that the solar cycle is to blame for these alterations if they are natural. Human activity has always been the major cause of climate change because of the reliance on fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas for energy. When fossil fuels are burnt, a layer of greenhouse gases forms, trapping solar heat and raising global temperatures. Climate change refers to long-term changes in temperature and weather patterns. Despite the fact that human activity has been the dominant driver of climate change since the 1800s, fossil fuel combustion (such as coal, oil, and gas) has produced heat-trapping gases that may explain these movements (Berrang-Ford et.al, 2011).

Carbon dioxide and methane are two common greenhouse gas pollutants blamed for the current state of affairs. Using gasoline to drive a car etc., for instance contributes to these. Deforestation and other forms of land clearing can also result in the emission of carbon dioxide. Methane emissions from landfills are common. The primary sources of emissions include energy production, transportation, buildings, construction, agricultural, as well as land use. Drought, water shortage, fires, increasing sea levels, flooding and melting polar ice are among the impacts of climate change that have already taken place (Urry, 2015).

Health, food, shelter, safety, and work are all at risk as a result of climate change. Islands and other developing countries are particularly vulnerable to the consequences of global warming. In addition to the threat of malnutrition and famine posed by extended droughts, entire towns have been forced to relocate owing to rising sea levels and saltwater intrusion. It is expected that the number of "climate refugees" will rise in the near future. There are several ways in which climate change adaptation is beneficial to everyone. Both the immediate and long-term impacts are included in this concept. Everyone must begin preparing for climate change immediately, especially the most vulnerable among us who have the fewest resources to do so. These early warning systems can save lives and property and yield benefits up to ten times the initial cost of the device itself (Hoffmann and Sgrò, 2011).

Reducing emissions that contribute to global warming can be accomplished by replacing fossil fuels with clean, renewable energy sources like solar and wind. In order to prevent global warming to 1.5°C or less, a rising number of nations are pledging to have net zero emissions by 2050. However, nearly half of these reductions must be in place by 2030. Between 2020 and 2030, fossil fuel production must fall by about 6% each year (Linnenluecke et.al, 2015).