Case Study # 1.

"It`s not going to happen to me.  And I`m here saying that it can happen to anybody, even me, Magic Johnson."  These words were spoken by basketball hall-of-famer Earvin "Magic" Johnson at a press conference on November 7, 1991, to the shock of an entire nation.  Johnson represents one of the first sports celebrities to publicly announce his HIV-seropositive status.  

In 1992, Magic played in the NBA All-Star Game and on the gold-medal-winning U.S. Olympic basketball team.  He served as head coach of the Lakers in 1994 and returned as a player on the team in 1996, but decided it was time to retire and channel his energies into other arenas outside of basketball.  Currently, Johnson is CEO of his own business, Magic Johnson Enterprises (MJE).  He also has established the Magic Johnson Foundation, which helps inner-city communities deal with issues surrounding HIV/AIDS and raises funds for research and prevention efforts.  His time is also spent with his wife and three children. Johnson exercises regularly and eats a healthy diet.  He currently does not experience any of the symptoms associated with HIV infection or AIDS.

Questions

1. List and explain the major routes/risk factors of HIV transmission. 
2. What does seropositive mean and how is a person tested for HIV? 
3. In the Milwaukee area (or your home community if not Milwaukee) where would you refer a patient who has tested positive? Be specific. 
4. What are some symptoms associated with acute phase HIV infection?  
5. When is a person diagnosed with AIDS? What are the symptoms of AIDS? 
6. For someone who takes antiretroviral medications, what laboratory monitoring would they require-both due to their HIV diagnosis and due to their HIV therapy?